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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 591-599, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440342

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Obesity is commonly associated with chronic tissue inflammation and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The study aimed to investigate the effects of High-Intensity Interval training (HIIT) on myokines and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of diet- induced obese (DIO) mice. Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a control (C) diet (n=20) or a high-fat (HF) diet (n=20) for 16 weeks. Then, half of the groups underwent HIIT (treadmill running) for an additional four weeks. HIIT increased calf muscles' contribution to BW (+24 %) and reduced weight gain in HF/HIIT than in HF (-120 %). Intramuscular fat accumulation was observed in HF and HF/ HIIT. Peak velocity was higher in HF/HIIT compared to HF (+26 %). Plasma insulin did not change, but glycemia was lower in HF/HIIT than in HF (-30 %). Fndc5 (+418 %) and Irisin (+72 %) were higher in HF/HIIT than in HF. Muscle Fgf21 was higher in HF/HIIT compared to HF (+30 %). In addition, NfKb (-53 %) and Tnfa (-63 %) were lower in HF/HIIT than in HF. However, Il1b (-86 %), Il6 (- 48 %), Il7 (-76 %), and Il15 (-21 %) were lower in HF/HIIT than in HF. Finally, HIIT reduced ER stress in HF/HIIT compared to HF: Atf4, -61 %; Chop, -61 %; Gadd45, -95 %. In conclusion, HIIT leads to weight loss and avoids muscle depletion. HIIT improves blood glucose, Irisin-Fndc5, and peak velocity. In addition, HIIT mitigates muscle inflammation and ER stress.


La obesidad es asociada comúnmente con inflamación tisular crónica y disfunción del músculo esquelético. El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) en las mioquinas y el estrés del retículo endoplásmico (ER) de ratones obesos inducidos por dieta (DIO). Se alimentó a ratones macho C57BL/6 de tres meses de edad con una dieta control (C) (n=20) o una dieta rica en grasas (HF) (n=20) durante 16 semanas. Luego, la mitad de los grupos se sometieron a HIIT (carrera en una trotadora) durante cuatro semanas más. HIIT aumentó la contribución de los músculos de la pantorrilla al BW (+24 %) y redujo el aumento de peso en HF/HIIT en HF (-120 %). Se observó acumulación de grasa intramuscular en HF y HF/HIIT. La velocidad máxima fue mayor en HF/HIIT en comparación con HF (+26 %). La insulina plasmática no cambió, pero la glucemia fue menor en HF/HIIT que en HF (-30 %). Fndc5 (+418 %) e Irisin (+72 %) fueron mayores en HF/HIIT que en HF. El Fgf21 muscular fue mayor en HF/ HIIT en comparación con HF (+30 %). Además, NfKb (-53 %) y Tnfa (-63 %) fueron menores en HF/HIIT que en HF. Sin embar- go, Il1b (-86 %), Il6 (-48 %), Il7 (-76 %) e Il15 (-21 %) fueron más bajos en HF/HIIT que en HF. Finalmente, HIIT redujo el estrés de RE en HF/HIIT en comparación con HF: Atf4, -61 %; Picar, - 61 %; Gadd45, -95 %. En conclusión, HIIT conduce a la pérdida de peso y evita el agotamiento muscular. HIIT mejora la glucosa en sangre, Irisin-Fndc5 y la velocidad máxima. Además, HIIT mitiga la inflamación muscular y el estrés ER.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Cytokines/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology , High-Intensity Interval Training , Obesity , Gene Expression , Inflammation , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Biology
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(1): 51-60, mar. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533919

ABSTRACT

Hay muchos factores implicados en la incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer que, en combinación, terminan por impedir o dificultar las funciones neuronales normales. Actualmente, poco se conoce sobre la regulación del calcio, antes de la enfermedad y durante la misma. La inestabilidad interna de los niveles de calcio se asocia a un mayor riesgo vascular, condición prevalente en un gran número de individuos ya comprometidos por la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Esta revisión proporciona una reevaluación de los mecanismos moleculares de la ATPasa dependiente de Ca2+ del retículo sarcoendoplásmico (SERC-A) en la enfermedad y analiza los aspectos más destacados de la función de los canales de calcio dependientes de voltaje; de esta manera, se podrán abrir nuevas alternativas de tratamiento. Estos mecanismos de regulación son clínicamente relevantes, ya que se ha implicado la función irregular de SERC-A en diversas alteraciones de la función cerebral.


There are many factors involved in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease that, in combination, impede or hinder normal neuronal functions. Little is currently known about calcium regulation before and during the disease. Internal instability of calcium levels is associated with increased vascular risk, a prevalent condition in a high number of individuals already compromised by Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a reevaluation of the molecular mechanism of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERC-A) in the disease and discusses salient aspects of voltage-gated calcium channel function; in these way new alternatives could be open for its treatment. These regulation mechanisms are clinically relevant since the irregular functions of SERC+A has been implicated in pathologies of brain function.


Subject(s)
Calcium Metabolism Disorders , Alzheimer Disease , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Calcium-Transporting ATPases , Endoplasmic Reticulum
3.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 60(2): 211-223, abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367402

ABSTRACT

El retículo endoplásmico es un organelo abundante, dinámico y sensor de energía. Sus abundantes membranas, rugosa y lisa, se encuentran distribuidas en diferentes proporciones dependiendo del linaje y requerimiento celular. Su función es llevar a cabo la síntesis de proteínas y lípidos, y es el almacén principal de Ca2+ intracelular. La sobrecarga calórica y la glucolipotoxicidad generada por dietas hipercalóricas provoca la alteración del retículo endoplásmico, activando la respuesta a proteínas mal plegadas (UPR, Unfolded Protein Response, por sus siglas en inglés) como reacción al estrés celular relacionado con el retículo endoplásmico y cuyo objetivo es restablecer la homeostasis del organelo al disminuir el estrés oxidante, la síntesis de proteínas y la fuga de Ca2+. Sin embargo, durante un estrés crónico, la UPR induce formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno, inflamación y apoptosis, exacerbando el estado del retículo endoplásmico y propagando un efecto nocivo para los demás organelos. Es por ello que el estrés del retículo endoplásmico se ha considerado un inductor del inicio y desarrollo de enfermedades metabólicas, incluido el agravamiento de COVID-19. Hasta el momento, existen pocas estrategias para reestablecer la homeostasis del retículo endoplásmico, las cuales son dirigidas a los sensores que desencadenan la UPR. Por tanto, se justifica con urgencia la identificación de nuevos mecanismos y terapias novedosas relacionadas con mitigar el impacto del estrés del retículo endoplásmico y las complicaciones asociadas.


The endoplasmic reticulum is an abundant, dynamic and energy-sensing organelle. Its abundant membranes, rough and smooth, are distributed in different proportions depending on the cell lineage and requirement. Its function is to carry out protein and lipid synthesis, and it is the main intracellular Ca2+ store. Caloric overload and glycolipotoxicity generated by hypercaloric diets cause alteration of the endoplasmic reticulum, activating the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) as a reaction to cellular stress related to the endoplasmic reticulum and whose objective is to restore the homeostasis of the organelle by decreasing oxidative stress, protein synthesis and Ca2+ leakage. However, during chronic stress, the UPR induces reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation and apoptosis, exacerbating the state of the endoplasmic reticulum and propagating a deleterious effect on the other organelles. This is why endoplasmic reticulum stress has been considered an inducer of the onset and development of metabolic diseases, including the aggravation of COVID-19. So far, few strategies exist to reestablish endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, which are targeted to sensors that trigger UPR. Therefore, the identif ication of new mechanisms and novel therapies related to mitigating the impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated complications is urgently warranted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology , COVID-19/complications , Metabolic Diseases/etiology , COVID-19/therapy , Homeostasis
4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487640

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: A reticular diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital or acquired alteration resulting from protrusion of the reticulum into the thoracic cavity. In ruminants, lesions to the diaphragmatic muscle, due to penetration of sharp metallic objects, is the most common cause of this disease. Therefore, given the low number of reports on this disease in the bovine species, the current study aims to describe the clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings, with special emphasis on the ultrasound diagnosis of five cattle with reticular diaphragmatic hernia. The laboratory data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and clinical, ultrasound, and pathological findings were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Clinically the animals exhibited varying degrees of dehydration, abdominal distension, tympany, and alterations in ruminal motility, in addition to cardiorespiratory alterations such as murmur, dyspnea, and muffling of lung sounds. The laboratory examination showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia. The ultrasonographic images demonstrated reticulum inside the thoracic cavity adjacent to the lung and heart, although no reticular motility was observed. The pathological lesions confirmed the findings of the ultrasound exams. Thus, the current study demonstrated that ultrasonography was efficient in diagnosing reticular diaphragmatic hernia in the bovine species.


RESUMO: A hérnia reticular diafragmática é uma alteração congênita ou adquirida resultante da protrusão do retículo para o interior da cavidade torácica. Em ruminantes, lesões no músculo diafragmático devido a penetração de objetos metálico pontiagudos constitui a causa mais comum dessa enfermidade. Portanto, diante dos poucos relatos a cerca dessa enfermidade nos animais da espécie bovina, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos, laboratoriais, anatomopatológicos e dar ênfase especial no diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de cinco bovinos acometidos com hérnia reticular diafragmática. Os dados laboratoriais foram analisados utilizando-se media e desvio padrão e os achados dos exames clínico, ultrassonográfico e anatomopatológicos foram avaliados através de estatística descritiva. Clinicamente os animais exibiam desidratação em variados graus, distensão abdominal, timpania e alterações na motilidade ruminal. Além de alterações cardiorrespiratórias como sopro, dispneia e abafamento dos sons pulmonares. O exame laboratorial revelou leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. As imagens ultrassonográficas revelaram retículo no interior da cavidade torácica adjacente ao pulmão e coração, porém nenhuma motilidade reticular foi observada. As lesões anatomopatológicas confirmaram os achados dos exames ultrassonográficos. Dessa maneira, este trabalho demonstrou que a ultrassonografia foi eficiente no diagnóstico da hérnia reticular diafragmática nos animais da espécie bovina.

5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06801, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1346694

ABSTRACT

A reticular diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital or acquired alteration resulting from protrusion of the reticulum into the thoracic cavity. In ruminants, lesions to the diaphragmatic muscle, due to penetration of sharp metallic objects, is the most common cause of this disease. Therefore, given the low number of reports on this disease in the bovine species, the current study aims to describe the clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings, with special emphasis on the ultrasound diagnosis of five cattle with reticular diaphragmatic hernia. The laboratory data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and clinical, ultrasound, and pathological findings were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Clinically the animals exhibited varying degrees of dehydration, abdominal distension, tympany, and alterations in ruminal motility, in addition to cardiorespiratory alterations such as murmur, dyspnea, and muffling of lung sounds. The laboratory examination showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia. The ultrasonographic images demonstrated reticulum inside the thoracic cavity adjacent to the lung and heart, although no reticular motility was observed. The pathological lesions confirmed the findings of the ultrasound exams. Thus, the current study demonstrated that ultrasonography was efficient in diagnosing reticular diaphragmatic hernia in the bovine species.(AU)


A hérnia reticular diafragmática é uma alteração congênita ou adquirida resultante da protrusão do retículo para o interior da cavidade torácica. Em ruminantes, lesões no músculo diafragmático devido a penetração de objetos metálico pontiagudos constitui a causa mais comum dessa enfermidade. Portanto, diante dos poucos relatos a cerca dessa enfermidade nos animais da espécie bovina, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos, laboratoriais, anatomopatológicos e dar ênfase especial no diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de cinco bovinos acometidos com hérnia reticular diafragmática. Os dados laboratoriais foram analisados utilizando-se media e desvio padrão e os achados dos exames clínico, ultrassonográfico e anatomopatológicos foram avaliados através de estatística descritiva. Clinicamente os animais exibiam desidratação em variados graus, distensão abdominal, timpania e alterações na motilidade ruminal. Além de alterações cardiorrespiratórias como sopro, dispneia e abafamento dos sons pulmonares. O exame laboratorial revelou leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. As imagens ultrassonográficas revelaram retículo no interior da cavidade torácica adjacente ao pulmão e coração, porém nenhuma motilidade reticular foi observada. As lesões anatomopatológicas confirmaram os achados dos exames ultrassonográficos. Dessa maneira, este trabalho demonstrou que a ultrassonografia foi eficiente no diagnóstico da hérnia reticular diafragmática nos animais da espécie bovina.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnostic imaging , Leukocytosis , Cattle/injuries , Ultrasonography
6.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 23(2): e993, jul.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1157024

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los fibroblastos son células constituyentes de los tejidos conectivo. Los fibroblastos gingivales (FGs), células responsables de la síntesis de la matriz extracelular (MEC) en el tejido conectivo gingival, participan en la regulación de los procesos de cicatrización y de reparación de la encía. Debido a su potencial regenerativo, los FGs podrían ser células capaces de contribuir a mejorar los procesos de cicatrización, a nivel local y sistémico e, incluso, ser utilizadas como un modelo celular útil en la comprensión de los aspectos fisiopatológicos de la cavidad oral. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el impacto de la concentración del suero fetal bovino (SFB), en la supervivencia, el crecimiento y la expresión de marcadores celulares en los FGs. Cultivos celulares de FGs fueron realizados durante 7 días, utilizando medio de cultivo DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's médium), en ausencia y presencia de 10% de SFB. Análisis morfológicos e inmunohistoquímicos de la actina, mitocondrias, lisosomas y retículo endoplasmático (RE) fueron usados para evaluar el impacto de la concentración del SFB sobre los FGs. Los resultados indican que los FGs cultivados en presencia de 10% de SFB tuvieron una tasa de crecimiento más elevada en comparación con los FGs, cultivados en ausencia de SFB. El marcaje de los elementos celulares indica la ausencia de alteraciones en las organelas celulares de los FGs, cuando son cultivados en ausencia de SFB. En conclusión, los FGs son capaces de sobrevivir, proliferar y conservar sus características morfológicas, cuando son cultivados en presencia y ausencia de SFB.


ABSTRACT Fibroblasts are constituent cells of connective tissues. Gingival fibroblasts (GFs), cells responsible for the synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the gingival connective tissue, participate in the regulation of healing and repair processes of the gingiva. Due to their regenerative potential, GFs could be cells capable of contributing to improve the healing processes at the local and systemic level and even be used as a useful cellular model in understanding of the physiopathological aspects of the oral cavity. The aim of the present work was to describe the impact of the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the survival, growth and expression of cell markers in GFs. Cell cultures of GFs were performed for 7 days using DMEM culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium) in the absence and presence of 10% FBS. Morphological and immunohistochemistry analyzes of actin, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were used to evaluate the impact of FBS concentration on GFs. The results indicate that GFs cultured in the presence of 10% FBS had a higher growth rate compared to GFs cultured in the absence of FBS. The marking of the cellular elements indicates the absence of alterations in the cellular organelles of the GFs when they are cultured in the absence of FBS. In conclusion, GFs are capable to surviving, proliferating and conserving their morphological characteristics when they are cultured in the presence and absence of FBS.

7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(9): 669-676, Sept. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1143419

ABSTRACT

Ingestion of metallic and/or sharp foreign bodies triggers cases of traumatic reticuloperitonitis and its sequelae in cattle. Among these sequelae, we can highlight traumatic reticulosplenitis, that has high mortality, although its frequency in the ruminant medicine is low. Therefore, based on the scarcity of information on this disease, the current study aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic, and pathological findings of 30 adult cattle diagnosed with traumatic reticulosplenitis. Clinical, ultrasound, and anatomopathological findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and laboratory data were evaluated using measures of central tendency. Clinically the animals presented dehydration and alterations in behavior, appetite, and ruminal motility. Hematological findings revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis (37077.17±25004.59cell/µL) with regenerative left shift and hyperfibrinogenemia (1130±364.98mg/dL). The ultrasound examination enabled visualization of mobile and echogenic filaments that corresponded to the presence of fibrin adhesions. Displacement of the reticulum and irregularity in its contour, as well as alterations in the quantity, pattern, and amplitude of reticular contractions were also observed. Splenic alterations such as abscesses were found, characterized as circular structures of varying sizes delimited by capsules containing variable echogenicity. Splenic vein thrombosis and spleen folding were also observed. The results obtained in the current study indicated that traumatic reticulosplenitis causes nonspecific clinical signs, severe laboratory alterations and, mainly, that ultrasound is an efficient method for the diagnosis of this disease, since the anatomopathological lesions confirmed the ultrasound findings.(AU)


A ingestão de corpos estranho de origem metálica e/ou pontiagudos desencadeia em bovinos, quadros de Reticuloperitonite Traumática e suas sequelas. Dentre as quais podemos destacar a retículo esplenite traumática cuja letalidade é elevada, embora a mesma apresente uma baixa frequência na clínica de ruminantes. Portanto, baseado na escassez de informações sobre esta enfermidade, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os achados clínicos, laboratoriais, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos de 30 bovinos adultos diagnosticados com retículo esplenite traumática. Os achados clínicos, ultrassonográfico e anatomopatológico foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, e os dados laboratoriais foram avaliados utilizando-se as medidas de tendência central. Clinicamente os animais apresentaram desidratação e alterações no comportamento, apetite e na motilidade ruminal. Os achados hematológicos revelaram leucocitose (37077.17±25004.59cell/µL) por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda regenerativo e hiperfibrinogenemia (1130±364.98mg/dL). O exame ultrassonográfico possibilitou a visualização de filamentos móveis e ecogênicos que corresponderam à presença de aderências fibrinosas, observou-se também, deslocamento do retículo e irregularidade no seu contorno além das alterações na quantidade, padrão e amplitude das contrações reticulares. Permitiu ainda, a constatação de alterações esplênicas como abscessos que foram caracterizados como estruturas circulares de variados tamanhos delimitada por capsula contendo no seu interior conteúdo de ecogenicidade variável. Trombose da veia esplênica e dobramento do baço. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho, indicaram que a retículo esplenite traumática causa sinais clínicos inespecíficos, severas alterações laboratoriais e principalmente que a ultrassonografia é um método eficiente para o diagnóstico dessa enfermidade uma vez que as lesões anatomopatológicas confirmaram os achados ultrassonográficos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Peritonitis/veterinary , Peritonitis/diagnostic imaging , Reticulum/injuries , Reticulum/diagnostic imaging , Spleen/diagnostic imaging , Stomach Diseases/veterinary , Stomach Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Foreign-Body Reaction/veterinary , Ultrasonography/veterinary
8.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(6): 591-596, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977407

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological process in liver surgery. Whether Propofol can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, together with related mechanisms, still needs further studies. Objective: To investigate if propofol would protect the myocardial cells from apoptosis with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were randomly allocated into three groups: Sham Group (Group S, n = 6), Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Group (Group IR, n = 6) and Propofol Group (Group P, n = 6). Group S was only subjected to laparotomy. Group IR was attained by ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 4 h. Group P was subjected identical insult as in Group IR with the administration of propofol started 10 min before ischemia with 120 mg.kg−1, following by continuous infusion at 20 mg.kg−1.h−1. Cell apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) and cysteine-containing aspartic acid cleaved-caspase3 (cleaved-caspase3) were assayed by western blot and Altimeter polymerase chain reaction. Results: Apoptosis rate was increased, with mRNA and protein of SERCA2 down-regulated and cleaved-caspase3 up-regulated in Group IR compared with Group S (p < 0.01). Apoptosis rate was decreased, with mRNA and protein of SERCA2 up-regulated and cleaved-caspase3 down-regulated in Group P compared with Group IR (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Propofol can reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, meanwhile, can up-regulate mRNA and protein of SERCA2 in rats.


Resumo Introdução: A lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão é um processo fisiopatológico comum em cirurgias hepáticas. Mais estudos ainda são necessários para avaliar se o propofol pode reduzir a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão miocárdica induzida pela lesão de isquemia-reperfusão hepática em ratos, juntamente com os mecanismos que estão relacionados. Objetivo: Investigar se propofol protege as células do miocárdio da apoptose com a lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão. Métodos: Ratos machos da raça Sprague-Dawley (n = 18) foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Sham (Grupo S, n = 6), Grupo Lesão Hepática por Isquemia-reperfusão (Grupo IR, n = 6) e Grupo Propofol (Grupo P, n = 6). O Grupo S foi submetido apenas à laparotomia. O grupo IR foi submetido à isquemia por 30 min e reperfusão por 4 h. O grupo P foi submetido à mesma isquemia do grupo IR, com a administração de 120 mg.kg-1 de propofol iniciada 10min antes da isquemia, seguida de infusão contínua a 20 mg.kg-1.h-1. A apoptose celular foi examinada por meio do ensaio de marcação de terminações dUTP pela deoxinucleotidil transferase. Retículo endoplasmático Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) e caspase-3 do ácido aspártico contendo cisteína (caspase-3 clivada) foram avaliados com o ensaio western blot e reação em cadeia da polimerase. Resultados: A taxa de apoptose foi maior com mRNA e proteína de SERCA2 regulados para baixo e caspase-3 clivada suprarregulada no Grupo IR, em comparação com o Grupo S (p < 0,01). A taxa de apoptose foi menor com mRNA e proteína de SERCA2 suprarregulada e caspase-3 clivada sub-regulada no Grupo P, em comparação com o Grupo IR (p < 0,01). Conclusões: O propofol pode reduzir a apoptose de células miocárdicas induzida por lesão hepática por isquemia-reperfusão. Entretanto, pode suprarregular o mRNA e a proteína de SERCA2 em ratos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Propofol/administration & dosage , Apoptosis/drug effects , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/biosynthesis , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/drug effects , Liver/blood supply , Random Allocation , Propofol/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 435-441, June 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893000

ABSTRACT

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the body. The organic matrix configuration is provided by the main proteins amelogenin, ameloblastin and enamelysin (MMP20), an enzyme that helps to shape the matrix. The aim of this study was to determine by histochemistry the expression of amelogenin and enamelysin through the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the late stages of amelogenesis, and its expression in the Complexus golgiensis (Golgi complex / Golgi apparatus) in the early stages in human fetuses. In early stages a colocalization of both proteins inside the Golgi apparatus was found, being more evident the relationship between Golgi and amelogenin (99.92 %). In the late stage, a colocalization of both proteins and rugged endoplasmic reticulum was found. With enamelysin being more evident in relation with rough endoplasmic reticulum (99.95 %). Our findings demonstrated the presence of amelogenin and enamelysin in odontoblast and ameloblast. However, the presence of these two proteins in odontoblast remains unknown.


El esmalte dental es el tejido más duro del cuerpo. La configuración de la matriz orgánica es proporcionada por las proteínas principales amelogenina, ameloblastina y enamelisina (MMP20), una enzima que ayuda a dar forma a la matriz. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante histoquímica la expresión de amelogenina y enamelisina a través del retículo endoplasmático rugoso en las últimas etapas de la amelogénesis , y su expresión en el Complexo golgiensis en las primeras etapas de formación en fetos humanos. En las primeras etapas se observó colocalización de ambas proteínas en el interior del Complexo golgiensis, siendo más evidente la relación entre Golgi y amelogenina (99,92 %). En la última etapa, se identificó una colocalización de ambas proteínas y retículo endoplásmico rugoso. Resulto más evidente la enamelisina en relación con el retículo endoplasmático rugoso (99,95 %). Nuestros resultados demostraron la presencia de amelogenina y enamelisina en odontoblastos y ameloblastos, sin embargo se desconoce la presencia de estas dos proteínas en odontoblastos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amelogenin/metabolism , Dental Enamel Proteins , Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough , Golgi Apparatus , Matrix Metalloproteinase 20/metabolism , Amelogenesis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522559

ABSTRACT

La preeclampsia constituye una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y a la vez más serias de la gestación y contribuye de manera significativa a la mortalidad materna y perinatal. No obstante los avances en el estudio de la preeclampsia, aún no está del todo esclarecido su mecanismo fisiopatológico. En este capítulo, intentamos revisar nuevas teorías propuestas acerca de su fisiopatología. Los aspectos genéticos y angiogénicos serán revisados en otros capítulos de este simposio.


Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent and serious disorders of pregnancy. It is a significant contributor of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. An important amount of research has been devoted in the research of preeclampsia in the recent years; nonetheless, its pathophysiology is yet to be completely understood. In this review, we will discuss new proposed theories on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Genetic and angiogenic aspects of preeclampsia will be reviewed elsewhere in this issue.

11.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(3): 1009-1014, Sept. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728302

ABSTRACT

Veinticuatro ratas hembras Sprague Dawley de 4 meses de vida con peso aproximado de 250 g, fueron divididas en cuatro grupos (A, B, C y D), donde el grupo A (control) no recibió estimulación infrarroja, B se irradió con láser infrarrojo 4 J/cm², C con dosis de 8 J/cm² y D con 16 J/cm². La estimulación infrarroja se realizó diariamente, por 15 días ininterrumpidos. Las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron muestras tanto de hígado normal (control) como estimulado con las distintas dosis infrarrojas, las que fueron procesadas para microscopía electrónica de transmisión. De los hepatocitos normales y estimulados, se obtuvieron microfotografías con aumentos finales de hasta 36.500 X, que fueron sometidas a estudios morfométricos para determinar fracciones volumétricas con especial énfasis en el retículo endoplásmico liso (REL) y de los siguientes componentes celulares: retículo endoplasmático rugoso (RER), mitocondrias, glicógeno, eu y heterocromatina. De igual manera se cuantificaron las áreas celulares y nucleares. Del análisis de los resultados entre hepatocitos normales y estimulados con diferentes dosis infrarrojas, se visualiza que existen notables diferencias en todos los componentes celulares cuantificados particularmente el REL. Se concluye que las estimulaciones infrarrojas provocan una drástica transformación en la ultraestructura y morfología de los hepatocitos, lo que provocaría una variación funcional, representando de esta manera el efecto que estas estimulaciones provocan en este tipo celular.


A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 months and weighing approximately 250 g, were divided into four groups labeled A, B, C and D. Group A received no infrared stimulation and served as control. Group B was radiated with a dose of 4 J/cm² of infrared laser, Group C with doses of 8 J/cm² and Group D with 16 J/cm². This infrared stimulation was carried out daily for 15 days uninterrupted. The rats were then sacrificed and samples of both normal-control liver and liver stimulated with the different infrared doses were extracted for immediate processing via transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microphotographs were obtained at magnifications of 21300X from both normal and stimulated hepatocytes; these were subjected to morphometric studies to determine volumetric fractions with special emphasis on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the following cell components: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria, glycogen, eu and heterochromatin. Likewise, cell and nuclear areas were quantified. Analysis of the results of normal and stimulated hepatocytes with different infrared doses showed considerable differences in all the quantified cell components and particularly from the SER it is concluded that the effects of these stimulations bring about a drastic transformation in the ultrastructure and morphology of the hepatocytes, which may ultimately translate into a functional variation, thus representing the effect that these stimulations cause in this cell type.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth/radiation effects , Hepatocytes/radiation effects , Infrared Rays , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth/ultrastructure , Hepatocytes/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
12.
Salud ment ; 37(2): 103-110, mar.-abr. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-721339

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se estudió la participación que tiene la liberación de calcio del retículo endoplásmico en la liberación de serotonina en terminales sinápticas. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en sinapsis formadas en cultivo entre neuronas serotonérgicas de Retzius y neuronas mecanosensoriales sensibles a presión, aisladas del Sistema Nervioso Central de la sanguijuela. En esta preparación la estimulación con pares de impulsos produjo facilitación sináptica. La estabilización de los receptores de rianodina en un estado de sub-conductancia por la incubación con rianodina 100 μM produjo un alargamiento del potencial sináptico en respuesta a impulsos presinápticos, sugiriendo que el calcio liberado por estos canales puede alcanzar las vesículas y promover la secreción. En contraste, el vaciamiento de los depósitos intracelulares de calcio con tapsigargina 500 nM produjo una disminución gradual de la facilitación sináptica ante impulsos presinápticos pareados y abolió la liberación extrasináptica en el axón neuronal en respuesta a trenes de impulsos. Todo esto ocurrió sin cambios en las propiedades de la membrana postsináptica, lo cual sugiere que la liberación de calcio intracelular participa en un mecanismo de retroalimentación positiva que promueve la liberación presináptica y perisináptica en las neuronas serotonérgicas.


This work analyses the role of intracellular calcium pools in serotonin release from nerve terminals. Experiments were carried out in synapses formed in culture between serotonergic Retzius neurones and pressure mechanosensory neurons, isolated from the Central Nervous System of the leech. In this configuration, serotonin is released from clear vesicles at synapses or from extrasynaptic dense core vesicles. Locking ryanodine receptors in a subconductance state by incubation with 100 μM ryanodine caused an elongation of the synaptic potential in response to a presynaptic action potential or to trains of them, suggesting that calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum through these channels reaches the synaptic vesicles and may promote their fusion with the plasma membrane. By contrast, depletion of intracellular calcium pools by incubation with 500 nM thapsigargin gradually decreased paired-pulse synaptic facilitation and abolished extrasynaptic axonal serotonin release in response to trains of impulses. All this occurred without changes in the properties of the postsynaptic membrane, indicating that intracellular calcium release participates in a feedback mechanism that enhances presynaptic and perisynaptic release in serotonergic neurons.

13.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ; (12): 586-588, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-672389

ABSTRACT

A five-year-old cow was referred to the veterinary faculty hospital for treatment of a swelling mass with a cutaneous fistula at the left lower part of the chest wall, between 7th till 9th intercostals space. Abdominal pain in palpation of the mass was observed with no abnormality in clinical symptoms. In surgical exploration, skin incision was carried out on the swelling mass and surprisingly a sinus tract with a sharp metallic rod (26 cm length) that continued to the reticulum lumen was identified. Because of unsuccessful attempting to remove of the foreign body, flank laparotomy and rumenotomy was performed. After one month, the cow led to complete recovery.

14.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ; (12): 586-588, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-343193

ABSTRACT

A five-year-old cow was referred to the veterinary faculty hospital for treatment of a swelling mass with a cutaneous fistula at the left lower part of the chest wall, between 7th till 9th intercostals space. Abdominal pain in palpation of the mass was observed with no abnormality in clinical symptoms. In surgical exploration, skin incision was carried out on the swelling mass and surprisingly a sinus tract with a sharp metallic rod (26 cm length) that continued to the reticulum lumen was identified. Because of unsuccessful attempting to remove of the foreign body, flank laparotomy and rumenotomy was performed. After one month, the cow led to complete recovery.

15.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [174] p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730780

ABSTRACT

Embora muitos estudos tenham contribuído para o esclarecimento do processo de tumorigênese em melanomas, ainda não há tratamento eficaz para melanomas metastáticos. Esta ineficácia terapêutica pode estar relacionada com a adaptação e seleção de células de melanoma à indução de estresse de RE. Ultrapassar os níveis sustentados de estresse de RE, interferindo nas vias de adaptação a este estresse, foi o alvo deste estudo na tentativa de propor uma nova estratégia terapêutica para sensibilizar células de melanoma a morte induzida por cisplatina. Mostramos que GADD153, um dos componentes da via de UPR (Unfolded Protein Response) responsável por induzir apoptose em reposta ao estresse de RE, está excluída do núcleo em melanomas primários, metástases ganglionares e viscerais. Este dado sugere que a localização citoplasmática do fator de transcrição GADD153 possa estar envolvida na resposta adaptativa de melanomas ao estresse de RE, uma vez que se sabe que GADD153 se acumula no núcleo em resposta a este estresse. Investigamos se a indução de estresse de RE seria capaz de induzir a translocação de GADD153 para o núcleo e resultar na sensibilização de células de melanoma a morte induzida por cisplatina (CDDP). Realizamos o tratamento de células de melanoma (SbCl2, Mel85, SK-MEL- 29, SK-MEL-28 e SK-MEL-147) com tunicamicina (Tuni), indutor clássico de estresse de RE, previamente ao tratamento com CDDP. Demonstramos que em todas as linhagens exceto em SK-MEL-29, houve um aumento na porcentagem de células hipodiploides (>50%) no tratamento combinado (Tuni>CDDP) comparado ao tratamento com CDDP. As células SK-MEL-147 se mostraram mais sensíveis à indução de estresse de RE e as células SK-MEL-29 mais resistentes. Algumas diferenças entre estas linhagens como a expressão de GRP78 de superfície e presença de oligossacarídeos ?1-6 ligados de superfície podem estar relacionadas com esta resposta diferencial ao estresse de RE. Em todas as linhagens...


Melanoma is among the most aggressive malignancies with increasing worldwide incidence and there is no effective treatment for the metastatic disease. The absence of an effective therapy may be due to adaptation and selection of melanoma cells to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We showed that GADD153, one of the components of the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway, was mostly excluded from the nucleus of primary and metastatic melanoma cells compared to nevus cells. These data suggest that the unexpected GADD153 cellular localization could be involved in melanoma cell adaption to ER stress, since GADD153 accumulates in the nucleus during ER stress. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling induced in response to ER stress, is a dual process that induces a protective response to restore ER homeostasis or cell death if ER stress is severe or persistent. We investigated if induction of ER stress was a potential strategy to chemosensitize melanoma cells to a second insult by surpassing the adaptive levels to ER stress. We first treated human melanoma cells (SbCl2, SK-MEL-28, Mel85, SK-MEL-29 and SK-MEL-147) with tunicamycin (Tuni), an ER stress inducer, before cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. CDDP is a low cost chemotherapeutic drug currently used in Brazil as a second line for melanoma treatment, especially in youngsters. All cell lines, except SK-MEL-29, demonstrated an >50% increase in the percentage of hypodiploid cells with Tuni>CDDP treatment when compared to CDDP only. The same results were obtained with temozolomide (TMZ), equivalent drug to the active form of dacarbazine, the first line of cytotoxic treatment of melanomas. UPR markers, GRP78 and nuclear translocation of GADD153 were induced by Tuni. Differences between SK-MEL-29 and SK-MEL-147 as cell surface GRP78 and ?1-6 oligossacharides can be related with the differential ER stress sensitization observed in these cells. One of the cellular mechanisms that are regulated by ER stress is autophagy....


Subject(s)
Autophagy , Cisplatin , Melanoma , Transcription Factor CHOP , Unfolded Protein Response
16.
São Paulo; s.n; 2014. [93] p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-748548

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de Marfan (SMF) é a enfermidade hereditária mais comum dentre as que afetam o sistema conjuntivo, causada por mutações da glicoproteína fibrilina-1, o principal componente estrutural das microfibrilas elásticas da matriz extracelular. As manifestações fenotípicas da SMF são sistêmicas e acometem tipicamente os sistemas ocular, esquelético e cardiovascular, este uma importante causa de morbi-mortalidade. Entretanto, não está claro como a mutação induz a doença. Estudos anteriores sugerem anomalias morfológicas do retículo endoplasmático (RE) ou retenção intracelular da fibrilina-1 nos estágios avançados da SMF. Entretanto, a contribuição do enovelamento da fibrilina-1 mutada e do estresse do RE na fisiopatologia celular da SMF não é conhecida. Proteínas mal-enoveladas podem levar à retenção intracelular e/ou aumento da degradação através da via de degradação associada ao RE (ERAD), além da indução da resposta a proteínas mal-enoveladas (UPR), ambas com potencial contribuição à fisiopatologia de doenças, incluindo a SMF. Assim, estudamos em fibroblastos embrionários isolados de camundongos (MEFs) com SMF se a fibrilina-1 mutada é reconhecida pelo controle de qualidade do RE pelo seu mal- enovelamento e induz estresse do RE por sua retenção intracelular. Demonstramos que a mutação na fibrilina-1 per se não promoveu chaperonas marcadoras de UPR ou geração de oxidantes. Além disso, não levou a uma maior sensibilização das células à indução exógena de estresse do RE, nem promoveu maior morte celular após inibição do proteassoma. Além disso, não foi observada retenção intracelular da fibrilina-1 nas células SMF, e mesmo após inibição da via secretora ou indução de estresse do RE, a inibição da secreção da fibrilina-1 foi similar nos MEFs SMF e wild-type (WT). A dissulfeto isomerase proteica (PDI), uma importante chaperona redox do RE, interage com fibrilina-1, e seu silenciamento levou a um aumento na secreção da fibrilina-1 pelos MEFs WT...


Marfan syndrome (MFS) is the most common connective tissue hereditary disease, caused by mutations in the glycoprotein fibrillin-1, the main structural component of extracellular matrix elastic microfibrils. MFS phenotypic manifestations are systemic and typically involve the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems, the latter a major cause of morbidity/mortality. However, how gene mutation induxes disease is yet unclear. Previous studies suggest endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphological abnormalities or fibrillin-1 intracellular retention in advanced MFS stages. However, the contribution of mutated fibrillin-1 folding and ER stress to MFS cellular pathophysiology is unknown. Un/misfolded proteins may associate with their intracellular retention and/or increased degradation through ER-associated degradation (ERAD), in addition to inducing the unfolded protein response (UPR), both sharing potential contributions to disease pathophysiology, including MFS. Thus, we studied in embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from WT and MFS mice, if mutated fibrillin-1 can be recognized by ER quality control as a misfolded protein, able to induce ER stress due to its intracellular retention. We showed that fibrillin-1 mutation by itself did not promote UPR chaperone markers or oxidant generation. Moreover, it did not sensitize cells to exogenous ER stress nor affected cell survival curves after proteasome inhibition. Furthermore, no intracellular retention of fibrillin-1 was observed in MFS cells, and even after secretory pathway inhibition or ER stress induction, fibrillin-1 secretion inhibition was similar in MFS and wild-type (WT) MEFs. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an important ER redox chaperone, interacts with fibrillin-1 and its silencing induced an increased fibrillin-1 secretion in WT...


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Marfan Syndrome , Mice, Mutant Strains , Protein Folding
17.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ; (12): 586-588, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-951923

ABSTRACT

A five-year-old cow was referred to the veterinary faculty hospital for treatment of a swelling mass with a cutaneous fistula at the left lower part of th e chest wall, between 7th till 9th intercostals space. Abdominal pain in palpation of the mass was observed with no abnormality in clinical symptoms. In surgical exploration, skin in cision was carried out on the swelling mass and surprisingly a sinus tract with a sharp metallic rod (26 cm length) that continued to the reticulum lumen was identified. Because of unsuccessful attempting to remove of the foreign body, flank laparotomy and rumenotomy was performed. After one month, the cow led to complete recovery.

18.
Campinas; s.n; fev. 2013. 93 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-691917

ABSTRACT

A obesidade e caracterizada pelo acumulo excessivo de gordura no organismo, podendo resultar em dano a saúde. Mudança socioeconômica, ocorrida nos últimos cinquenta anos tem contribuído para o aumento da prevalência da obesidade, a qual e hoje considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde publica no mundo. O acumulo progressivo de ácidos graxos no tecido adiposo, e eventualmente, em outros sítios anatômicos não especializados na estocagem de energia sob a forma de gordura como, por exemplo, o fígado e o músculo, e associado à ativação de uma resposta inflamatória subclinica que desempenha papel importante na indução da resistência a insulina. Esta, por sua vez, e considerada o mecanismo fisiopatogênico unificador de uma serie de doenças comumente associadas à obesidade, tais como o diabetes mellitus, a aterosclerose, a esteatohepatite nao-alcoolica, entre outros. A inflamação subclinica desempenha um papel central na indução da resistência a insulina em obesos. Atualmente o estresse de reticulo endoplasmático e a ativação da sinalização do TLR4 vêm sendo identificados como potenciais mecanismos ativadores da inflamação sub-clinica associada à obesidade. No ambiente intracelular a ativação dos sinais inflamatórios disparados por ambos, estresse de reticulo endoplasmático ou TLR4, podem associar-se, modulando ou sendo modulado por outros eventos. Um desses eventos e a autofagia que se caracteriza como um processo celular finamente regulado e desempenha um papel importante no controle de varias funções da célula, tais como, reciclagem de organelas, disponibilidade de nutrientes e diferenciação celular. Um estudo recente demonstrou a existência de aumento na atividade autofágica em tecido adiposo de pessoas obesas e propôs a associação causal entre autofagia e resistência a insulina. A redução da adiposidade e o mecanismo mais eficiente para reduzir à resistência a insulina em pessoas obesas.


Obesity, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair life quality, is one of the major public health problems in modern world. It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure leading to the progressive accumulation of fatty acids in the adipose tissue and in some tissues that are not specialized in energy storage, such as liver and muscle. Insulin resistance is one of the main outcomes of obesity and is regarded as the main mechanism connecting diseases that are commonly associated with obesity, such as, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, among others. Subclinical inflammation plays a major role in the induction of insulin resistance in obesity. Recently, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of TLR4 signaling have been identified as potential triggering mechanisms for obesity-associated subclinical inflammation. At the intracellular environment activation of inflammatory signaling triggered by either endoplasmic reticulum stress or TLR4 signaling can integrate and modulate or be modulated by other cellular events. One such event is autophagy which is a highly regulated process that plays an important role in the control of a wide range of cellular functions such as organelle recycling, nutrient availability and tissue differentiation. A recent study has shown an increased autophagic activity in the adipose tissue of obese subjects, and a role for autophagy in obesity associated insulin resistance was proposed. Body mass reduction is the most efficient approach to tackle insulin resistance in over-weight subjects; however, the impact of weight loss in adipose tissue autophagy is unknown. In this study we used a two-step approach to evaluate adipose tissue autophagy during body mass reduction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adipose Tissue , Autophagy , Obesity , Diet, High-Fat , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Insulin Resistance , Weight Loss
19.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. [105] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-719925

ABSTRACT

O remodelamento vascular é um determinante fundamental do lúmen em doenças vasculares, porém os mecanismos envolvidos não estão completamente elucidados. Nós investigamos o papel da chaperona redox residente do retículo endoplasmático Dissulfeto Isomerase Proteica (PDI) e sua fração localizada na superfície celular (peri/epicelular=pecPDI) no calibre e arquitetura vascular durante reparação à lesão. Em artérias ilíacas de coelho submetidas à lesão in vivo, houve importante aumento do mRNA e expressão proteica (~25x aumento 14 dias pós-lesão vs. controle) da PDI. O silenciamento da PDI por siRNA (cultura de órgãos) acentuou o estresse do retículo e apoptose, diferentemente da inibição da pecPDI com anticorpo neutralizante (PDI Ab). Bloqueio in vivo da pecPDI por aplicação de gel perivascular contendo PDI Ab no 12° dia após lesão, com análise após 48 h, promoveu ca.25% redução no calibre vascular analisado por arteriografia e diminuição similar na área total do vaso detectada por tomografia de coerência óptica. Neste processo, não ocorreu alteração no tamanho da neoíntima, indicando assim, que PDI Ab acentuou remodelamento constrictivo. Neutralização da pecPDI promoveu importantes alterações na arquitetura da matriz de colágeno e citoesqueleto, resultando em fibras com orientação invertida e desorganizadas. Diminuição na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e óxidos de nitrogênio também ocorreu. Análise de propriedades viscoelásticas nas artérias indicou redução na ductilidade vascular, evidenciada pela menor distância para ruptura. As alterações subcelulares no citoesqueleto observadas in vivo após PDI Ab foram recapituladas em um modelo de estiramento cíclico em células musculares lisas vasculares, com importante redução na formação das fibras de estresse. Em modelo de migração randômica de células musculares lisas, a exposição a PDI Ab reduziu a resiliência de regulação da polaridade. Embora a neutralização da pecPDI não tenha afetado a atividade...


Whole-vessel remodeling is a critical lumen caliber determinant in vascular disease, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Protein Disulfide Isomerase(PDI) and cell-surface PDI(peri/epicellular=pecPDI) pool in vascular caliber and architecture during vascular repair after injury(AI). After rabbit iliac artery balloon injury, there was marked increase in PDI mRNA and protein (25-fold vs. basal at day 14AI), with increase in both intracellular and pecPDI. Silencing PDI by siRNA (organ culture) induced ER stress augmentation and apoptosis, contrarily to pecPDI neutralization with PDI-antibody(PDI Ab). PecPDI neutralization in vivo with PDIAb-containing perivascular gel from days 12-14AI promoted ca.25% decrease in vascular caliber at arteriography and similar decreases in total vessel circumference at optical coherence tomography, without changing neointima, indicating increased constrictive remodeling. PecPDI neutralization promoted marked changes in collagen and cytoskeleton architecture, with inverted fiber orientation and disorganization. Decreased ROS and nitrogen oxide production also occurred. Viscoelastic artery properties assessment showed decreased ductility, evidenced by decreased distance to rupture. Subcellular cytoskeletal disruption by PDI Ab was recapitulated in vascular smooth muscle cell stretch model, with marked decrease in stress fiber buildup. Also, PDI Ab incubation promoted decreased regulation resilience of vascular smooth muscle migration properties. While pecPDI neutralization did not affect global RhoA activity, there was altered RhoA redistribution to the cell surface and association with caveolin-containing clusters, which mislocalized after stretch. In human coronary atheromas, PDI expression inversely correlated with constrictive remodeling. Thus, strongly-expressed PDI after injury reshapes matrix and cytoskeleton architecture to support an...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Rabbits , Angioplasty, Balloon , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Extracellular Space , Reactive Oxygen Species , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular , Neointima , Oxidative Stress , Protein Disulfide-Isomerases , Vascular System Injuries
20.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 25(1): 34-39, 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949674

ABSTRACT

Local anesthetics used in dentistry have myotoxic effects. Articaine, also known as carticaine, is one of the local anesthetics most widely used in clinical dentistry. The aim of this work was to describe its effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase isolated from medial pterygoid muscle. Ca-ATPase enzymatic activity was determined by a colorimetric method and ATP-dependent calcium uptake with a radioisotopic technique. Articaine inhibited both Ca-ATPase activity and calcium uptake in a concentrationdependent manner. Both inhibitory effects became evident at articaine concentrations lower than those employed in clinical dentistry. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (Ki) were 15.1± 1.8 mM (n = 6) and 25.2 ± 1.6 mM (n = 6) for enzymatic activity and calcium uptake, respectively. Preincubation of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with articaine enhanced Ca-ATPase activity in the absence of calcium ionophore, suggesting an ionophoriclike effect of the local anesthetic. We conclude that the inhibitory effect of articaine on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase isolated from medial pterygoid muscle is due to a direct interaction of the anesthetic with the enzyme and to the increased membrane permeability to calcium induced by this drug.


Los anestésicos locales de uso odontológico tienen efectos miotóxicos. La carticaína, también conocida como articaína, es uno de los anestésicos locales más usados en la clínica odontológica actual. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el efecto de la carticaína sobre la Ca-ATPasa del retículo sarcoplásmico aislada del músculo pterigoideo interno. La actividad enzimática de la bomba de calcio se determinó por un método colorimétrico y se utilizó un método radioisotópico a fin de determinar la captación de calcio dependiente de ATP. La carticaína inhibió la actividad enzimática y la captación de calcio en función de su concentración. Ambos efectos se observaron a concentraciones de carticaína menores a las utilizadas en la clínica. Las concentraciones de carticaína necesarias para inhibir la actividad Ca-ATPásica y la captación de calcio a la mitad de su valor máximo (Ki) fueron 15.1 ± 1.8 mM (n = 6) y 25.2 ± 1.6 mM (n = 6) respectivamente. La preincubación con carticaína de las membranas de retículo sarcoplásmico del músculo pterigoideo interno, en ausencia de ionóforo de calcio, incrementó la actividad de la enzima, evidenciando un efecto ionofórico del anestésico local. Concluimos que el efecto inhibitorio de la carticaína sobre la Ca-ATPasa de retículo sarcoplásmico del músculo pterigoideo interno se debe a la acción directa del anestésico local sobre la enzima y al incremento de la permeabilidad de la membrana del retículo sarcoplásmico al calcio inducido por esta droga.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Pterygoid Muscles/ultrastructure , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Carticaine/pharmacology , Calcium/metabolism , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology
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